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Goryachkin’s agricultural mechanics
Vera CHINENOVA
Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2016, Volume 11, Issue 1, Pages 87-94 doi: 10.1007/s11465-016-0378-x
The paper contributes to the development of applied mechanics by establishing a new discipline, namely, agricultural mechanics by academician Vasilii Prohorovich Goryachkin (1868–1935) who was an apprentice of Nikolay Yegorovich Zhukovsky and a graduate of the Moscow University (current known as Moscow State University) and the Imperial Higher Technical School.
Keywords： theory of mechanisms and machines agricultural machinery engineering agricultural mechanics
Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 10, doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1729-6
● Fundamentals of membrane fouling are comprehensively reviewed.
Keywords： Membrane fouling Thermodynamic mechanism XDLVO theory Flory-Huggins theory Fouling migration
Wanghui BU, Zhenyu LIU, Jianrong TAN, Jin CHENG
Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2011, Volume 6, Issue 4, Pages 463-467 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0225-z
The shield machine is a heavy construction machine for tunnel excavation, and the segment erector is an important subsystem of the shield machine. It is difficult to achieve precise control in the 6-DOF (degree of freedom) erector in the 2-DOF 5-bar radial mechanism. Hence, this paper proposes a redundantly actuated PRPRP radial mechanism for the segment erector. When the redundant actuator is unlocked, the radial mechanism is able to adjust its posture, which has two degrees of freedom. On the other hand, when the redundant actuator is locked or produces enough pre-tightening tensile force, the PRPRP mechanism can ensure the synchronization of the two driving hydraulic cylinders along the radial direction based on the mechanical structure, which has one degree of freedom. The redundant actuator also facilitates the equal application of two flexural torques at the hydraulic cylinders; thus, preventing the overload of a single cylinder.
Keywords： redundant actuation parallel mechanisms five-bar mechanisms segment erectors shield machines
Mechanisms of “kidney governing bones” theory in traditional Chinese medicine
Dahong Ju,Meijie Liu,Hongyan Zhao,Jun Wang
Frontiers of Medicine 2014, Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages 389-393 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0362-y
Studies conducted by our group on the mechanism of “kidney governing bones” theory in(1) Neuroendocrine-immune network (NIN)-osteoclast regulatory pathway OPG-RANKL-RANK is one of the mechanisms” Although kidney-reinforcing therapy is regarded as one of the holistic regulatory mechanismsDespite the current understanding on “kidney governing bones” theory, the mechanism of &ldquo
Keywords： kidney governing bones kidney deficiency marrow osteoporosis neuroendocrine-immune network osteoclast regulatory pathway
Two-stage scheduling on batch and single machines with limited waiting time constraint
Zhongshun SHI, Zewen HUANG, Leyuan SHI
Frontiers of Engineering Management 2017, Volume 4, Issue 3, Pages 368-374 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017034
Keywords： batch machine flow shop makespan limited waiting time
Xinjun LIU, Xiang CHEN, Zhidong LI
Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2012, Volume 7, Issue 2, Pages 199-209 doi: 10.1007/s11465-012-0315-6
Due to the demand of reconfigurable system in parallel kinematic machines (PKMs), modular design technology
Keywords： parallel kinematic machines (PKMs) modular design classification topology optimization and improved Guide-Weight
Theory and method of mechanism system design
Huijun ZOU, Qinghua LIANG, Qing ZHANG
Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2010, Volume 5, Issue 4, Pages 399-411 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0116-8
Keywords： mechanism system creative design process model function solving model process action procedure mechanisms
An energy consumption prediction approach of die casting machines driven by product parameters
Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2021, Volume 16, Issue 4, Pages 868-886 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0656-0
Keywords： die casting machine energy consumption prediction product parameters
Comments from young scholars: Can machines completely replace humans in manufacturing processes?
Shanlin YANG
Frontiers of Engineering Management 2018, Volume 5, Issue 4, Pages 541-547 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018207
FOOD SYSTEMS TRANSFORMATION: CONCEPTS, MECHANISMS AND PRACTICES
Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2023, Volume 10, Issue 1, Pages 1-3 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023491
Keywords： TRANSFORMATION SYSTEMS FOOD CONCEPTS MECHANISMS
Gripping mechanisms in current wood harvesting machines
D. GOUBET, J. C. FAUROUX, G. GOGU
Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2013, Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages 42-61 doi: 10.1007/s11465-013-0358-3
This paper focuses on the structural synthesis of gripping mechanisms used in the mechanization ofThis function is performed with several typical mechanisms which are listed and described in this articleThis study distinguishes two kinds of planar gripping mechanisms mainly used in opening and closing theTwo planar and one spatial existing mechanisms are described.Nine kinematic diagrams of spatial parallel mechanisms are provided.
Keywords： structural synthesis parallel mechanisms gripping mechanisms wood harvesting harvesting head
Recent development on innovation design of reconfigurable mechanisms in China
Wuxiang ZHANG, Shengnan LU, Xilun DING
Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2019, Volume 14, Issue 1, Pages 15-20 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0517-7
Keywords： innovation design reconfigurable mechanisms metamorphic mechanisms origami-derived mechanisms development
Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2023, Volume 18, Issue 2, doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0736-9
Keywords： fault recognition fault localization multi-sensor relations network analysis graph neural network
CROP DIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: MECHANISMS, DESIGNS AND APPLICATIONS
Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages 359-361 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2021417
Intensive monoculture agriculture has contributed greatly to global food supply over many decades, but the excessive use of agricultural chemicals (fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides) and intensive cultivation systems has resulted in negative side effects, such as soil erosion, soil degradation, and non-point source pollution[1]. To many observers, agriculture looms as a major global threat to nature conservation and biodiversity. As noted in the Global Biodiversity Outlook 4[2], the drivers associated with food systems and agriculture account for around 70% and 50% of the projected losses by 2050 of terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity, respectively[3].
In addition, agricultural development and modernization of agriculture has led to a decline in the total number of plant species upon which humans depend for food[4]. Currently, fewer than 200 of some 6000 plant species grown for food contribute substantially to global food output, and only nine species account for 67% of total crop production[3]. The global crop diversity has declined in past decades.
Crop species diversity at a national scale was identified as one of the most important factors that stabilize grain production at a national level[5]. A group of long-term field experiments demonstrated that crop diversity also stabilizes temporal grain productivity at field level[6]. Therefore, maintaining crop diversity at both national and field levels is of considerable importance for food security at national and global scales.
Crop diversity includes temporal (crop rotation) and spatial diversity (e.g., intercropping, agroforestry, cultivar mixtures and cover crops) at field scale. Compared to intensive monocultures, diversified cropping systems provide additional options to support multiple ecosystem functions. For instance, crop diversity may increase above- and belowground biodiversity, improve yield stability, reduce pest and disease damage, reduce uses of chemicals, increase the efficiency of the use land, light water and nutrient resources, and enhance stress resilience in agricultural systems.
To highlight advances in research and use of crop diversity, from developing and developed countries, we have prepared this special issue on “Crop Diversity and Sustainable Agriculture” for Frontiers of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, mainly focusing on intercropping.
Intercropping, growing at least two crops at the same time as a mixture, for example, in alternate rows or strips, is one effective pathway for increasing crop diversity at the field scale. Over recent decades, there have been substantial advances in terms of understanding of processes between intercropped species and applications in practice. There are 10 articles in this special issue including letters, opinions, review and research articles with contributions from Belgium, China, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Switzerlands, UK, and Mexico etc.
The contributors are internationally-active scientists and agronomists contributing to intercropping research and extension. For example, Antoine Messean is coordinator of the EU H2020 Research project DiverIMPACTS “Diversification through rotation, intercropping, multiple cropping, promoted with actors and value chains towards sustainability”. Eric Justes is coordinator of the EU H2020 Research project ReMIX “Redesigning European cropping systems based on species mixtures”. Maria Finckh has worked on crop cultivar mixture and organic agriculture over many years. Henrik Hauggaard-Nielsen has outstanding expertise in intercropping research and applications, moving from detailed studies on species interactions in intercropping to working with farmers and other stakeholders to make intercropping work in practical farming. In addition to these established scientists, young scientists who have taken an interest in intercropping also contribute to the special issue, including Wen-Feng Cong, Yixiang Liu, Qi Wang, Hao Yang and others.
The first contribution to this special issue addresses how to design cropping systems to reach crop diversification, with Wen-Feng Cong and coworkers ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021392) considering that it is necessary to optimize existing and/or design novel cropping systems based on farming practices and ecological principles, and to strengthen targeted ecosystem services to achieve identified objectives. In addition, the design should consider regional characteristics with the concurrent objectives of safe, nutritious food production and environmental protection.
The benefits of crop diversification have been demonstrated in many studies. Wen-Feng Cong and coworkers describe the benefits of crop diversification at three scales: field, farm, and landscape. Hao Yang and coauthors reviewed the multiple functions of intercropping. Intercropping enhances crop productivity and its stability, it promotes efficient use of resources and saves mineral fertilizer, controls pests and diseases of crops and reduces the use of pesticides. It mitigates climate change by sequestering carbon in soil, reduces non-point source pollution, and increases above- and belowground biodiversity of other taxa at field scale ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021398).
Eric Justes and coworkers proposed the “4C” framework to help understand the role of species interactions in intercropping ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021414). The four components are competition, complementary, cooperation (facilitation) and compensation, which work often simultaneously in intercropping. Hao Yang and coworkers used the concept of diversity effect from ecology to understand the contribution of complementarity and selection effects to enhanced productivity in intercropping. The complementarity effect consists of interspecific facilitation and niche differentiation between crop species, whereas the selection effect is mainly derived from competitive processes between species such that one species dominates the other ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021398). Also, Luis Garcia-Barrios and Yanus A. Dechnik-Vazquez dissected the ecological concept of the complementarity and selection effects to develop a relative multicrop resistance index to analyze the relation between higher multicrop yield and land use efficiency and the different ecological causes of overyielding under two contrasting water stress regimes ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021412).
Odette Denise Weedon and Maria Renate Finckh found that composite cross populations, with different disease susceptibilities of three winter wheat cultivars, were moderately resistant to brown rust and even to the newly emerged stripe rust races prevalent in Europe since 2011, but performance varied between standard and organic management contexts ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021394).
Comparing the performance of intercrops and sole crops is critical to make a sound evaluation of the benefits of intercropping and assess interactions between species choice, intercrop design, intercrop management and factors related to the production situation and pedoclimatic context. Wopke van der Werf and coworkers review some of the metrics that could be used in the quantitative synthesis of literature data on intercropping ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021413).
Interspecific interactions provide some of the advantages of intercropping, and can be divided into above- and belowground interactions. Aboveground interactions can include light and space competition, which is influenced by crop species traits. Root exudates are also important in interspecific interactions between intercropped or rotated species. Qi Wang and coworkers estimated the light interception of growth stage of maize-peanut intercropping and corresponding monocultures, and found that intercropping has higher light interception than monoculture, and increasing plant density did not further increase light interception of intercropping ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021403). Yuxin Yang and coworkers reported that the root exudates of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) can reduce infection of tobacco by Phytophthora nicotianae via inhibiting the motility and germination of the spores of the pathogen ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021399).
Focusing on the application of intercropping, Wen-Feng Cong and coworkers formulated species recommendations for different regions of China for different crop diversity patterns and crop species combinations. These authors also suggested three steps for implementing crop diversification on the North China Plain. Although there are multiple benefits of crop diversification, its extension and application are hindered by various technical, organizational, and institutional barriers along value chains, especially in Europe. Based on the findings of the European Crop Diversification Cluster projects, Antoine Messéan and coworkers suggested that there needs to be more coordination and cooperation between agrifood system stakeholders, and establish multiactor networks, toward an agroecological transition of European agriculture ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021406). In addition, Henrik Hauggaard-Nielsen and coworkers report the outcomes of a workshop for participatory research to overcome the barriers to enhanced coordination and networking between stakeholders ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021416).
Intercropping, though highly effective in labor-intensive agriculture, may be difficult to implement in machine-intensive, large-scale modern agriculture because appropriate large equipment is not commercially available for planting and harvesting various crop mixtures grown with strip intercropping[6]. Thus, the appropriate machinery will need to be developed for further practical application in large-scale agriculture.
As the guest editors, we thank all the authors and reviewers for their great contributions to this special issue on “Crop Diversity and Sustainable Agriculture”. We also thank the FASE editorial team for their kind supports.
Research and Development in the Field of Parallel Kinematic Machines
Wang Jinsong,Li Tiemin,Duan Guanghong
Strategic Study of CAE 2002, Volume 4, Issue 6, Pages 63-70
Parallel kinematic machines are in the process of industrialization.In this paper, research and development of parallel kinematic machines is investigated from various aspects
Keywords： parallel manipulator parallel kinematic machines(PKM) drive control system
Title Author Date Type Operation
A critical review on thermodynamic mechanisms of membrane fouling in membrane-based water treatment process
Journal Article
A redundantly actuated PRPRP radial mechanism in the segment erector of a shield machine for synchronization control
Wanghui BU, Zhenyu LIU, Jianrong TAN, Jin CHENG
Journal Article
Mechanisms of “kidney governing bones” theory in traditional Chinese medicine
Dahong Ju,Meijie Liu,Hongyan Zhao,Jun Wang
Journal Article
Two-stage scheduling on batch and single machines with limited waiting time constraint
Zhongshun SHI, Zewen HUANG, Leyuan SHI
Journal Article
Modular design of typical rigid links in parallel kinematic machines: Classification and topology optimization
Xinjun LIU, Xiang CHEN, Zhidong LI
Journal Article
An energy consumption prediction approach of die casting machines driven by product parameters
Journal Article
Comments from young scholars: Can machines completely replace humans in manufacturing processes?
Shanlin YANG
Journal Article
Gripping mechanisms in current wood harvesting machines
D. GOUBET, J. C. FAUROUX, G. GOGU
Journal Article
Recent development on innovation design of reconfigurable mechanisms in China
Wuxiang ZHANG, Shengnan LU, Xilun DING
Journal Article
A multi-sensor relation model for recognizing and localizing faults of machines based on network analysis
Journal Article
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